Vitamin B12 is among the most important B-complex vitamins. Known by the name of Cobalamin also, it is made by the microorganisms, such as yeasts, bacteria, moulds and some algae. The amount of Vitamin B12 that is required by the body comprises of a very small quantity. An interesting fact about this particular vitamin is that it can be stored in the human body for up to six years. Vitamin B12 gets recycled by the body and is not excreted by it, along with waste matter.

• It plays an important role in the metabolism process, which includes energy generation, nutrition, digestion, absorption, elimination, respiration, circulation, and temperature regulation.
• It supports emotional stability and mental clarity.
• It is linked with lower homocysteine levels, which help lessen the risk of heart disease.
• It is believed to be an excellent energy booster and can aid greater alertness and less fatigue.
• It aids in preserving a balance in the human body.
• Combined with other B-group vitamins, it is helpful in the smooth functioning of vital life processes of the human body.
• It has been found useful in the cognitive function and heals neurological impairment.

The Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of Medicine recommends the following dietary intake for vitamin B 12:

Infants

• 0 - 6 months: 0.4 micrograms per day (mcg/day)
• 7 - 12 months: 0.5 mcg/day

Children

• 1 - 3 years: 0.9 mcg/day
• 4 - 8 years: 1.2 mcg/day
• 9 - 13 years: 1.8 mcg/day

Adolescents and Adults

• Males and females age 14 and older: 2.4 mcg/day

Specific recommendations depend on age, gender, and other factors (such as pregnancy).